Computer science, Mathematics and Mathematical physics

In this paper, a non-asymptotic pseudo-state estimator for a class of commensurate fractional order linear systems is designed in noisy environment. Different from existing modulating functions methods, the proposed method is based on the system model with fractional sequential derivatives by introducing fractional order modulating functions. By applying the fractional order integration by parts formula and thanks to the properties of the fractional order modulating functions, a set of fractional derivatives and fractional order initial values of the output are analogously obtained by algebraic integral formulas. Then, an explicit formula of the pseudo-state is accomplished by using the fractional sequential derivatives of the output computed based on the previous results. This formula does not contain any source of errors in continuous noise-free case, and can be used to non-asymptotically estimate the pseudo-state in discrete noisy case. The construction of the fractional order modulating functions is also shown, which is independent of the time. Finally, simulations and comparison results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method

We design a scheme for the Euler equations under gravitational fields based on our subcell hydrostatic reconstruction framework.

To give a proper definition of the nonconservative product terms due to the gravitational potential, we first separate the singularity to be an infinitely thin layer, on where  the potential is smoothed  by defining an intermediate potential without disturbing its monotonicity ; then the physical variables are extended and controlled to be consistent with the Rayleigh-Taylor stability, which contribute the positivity-preserving property to keep the nonnegativity of both gas density and pressure even with vacuum states. By using the hydrostatic equilibrium state variables the well-balanced property is obtained to maintain the steady state even with vacuum fronts.  In addition, we proved the full discrete discrete entropy inequality, which preserve the convergence of the solution to the physical solution, with an error term which tends to zero as the mesh size approaches to zero if the potential is Lipschitz continuous. The new scheme is very natural to understand and easy to implement.

The numerical experiments demonstrate the scheme's robustness to resolve the nonlinear waves and vacuum fronts.

The study of the Weyl and Dirac topological materials (topological semimetals, insulators, superfluids and superconductors) opens the route for the investigation of the topological quantum vacua of relativistic fields. The symmetric phase of the standard model (SM), where both electroweak and chiral symmetry are not broken, represents the topological semimetal. The vacua of the SM (and its extensions) in the phases with broken electroweak symmetry represent the topological insulators of different types. We discuss in detail the topological invariants in both the symmetric and broken phases and establish their relation to the stability of vacuum.

The Eisenhart lift of a Paul trap used to store ions in molecular physics is a linearly polarized periodic gravitational wave. A modified version of Dehmelt’s Penning trap is, in turn, related to circularly polarized periodic gravitational waves, sought in inflationary models. Similar equations also govern the Lagrange points in celestial mechanics. The explanation is provided by anisotropic oscillators.

This paper applies a numerical method of polynomial function approximation to the numerical analysis of variable fractional order viscoelastic rotating beam. First, the governing equation of the viscoelastic rotating beam is established based on the variable fractional model of the viscoelastic material. Second, shifted Bernstein polynomials and Legendre polynomials are used as basis functions to approximate the governing equation and the original equation is converted to matrix product form. Based on the configuration method, the matrix equation is further transformed into algebraic equations and numerical solutions of the governing equation are obtained directly in the time domain. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is proved by analyzing the numerical solutions of the displacement of rotating beam under different loads.

An innovative numerical procedure for solving the viscoelastic column problem based on fractional rheological models, directly in the time domain, is investigated. Firstly, the governing equation is established according to the fractional constitutive relation. Secondly, the resulting equation is transformed into algebraic equation and solved by using the shifted Chebyshev wavelet function. Furthermore, the convergence analysis and the retained numerical benchmarks are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. A small value of the absolute error between numerical and accurate solution is obtained. Finally, the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic beam-column problems is investigated with different cross-section shape (circular and square) under various loading conditions (axial compressive force and harmonic load). The displacement, strain and stress of the viscoelastic column at different time and position are determined. The deformation and stress of the viscoelastic column of different materials under the same loading condition are compared. The results in the paper show the highly accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical algorithm in the dynamical stability analysis of the viscoelastic column.

In this paper, a fractional viscoelastic model is proposed to describe the physical behaviour of polymeric material. The material parameters in the model are characterized by the experimental data obtained in the dynamical mechanical analysis. The proposed model is integrated into the fractional governing equation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) above its glass transition temperature. The numerical algorithm based on the shifted Legendre polynomials is retained to solve the fractional governing equations in the time-domain. The accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified according to the mathematical examples. The advantage of this method is that Laplace transform and the inverse Laplace transform commonly used in fractional calculus are avoided. The dynamical response of the viscoelastic PMMA beam is determined with several loading conditions (uniformly distributed load and harmonic load). The effects of the loading condition and the temperature on the dynamic response of the beam are investigated in the results. The proposed approach shows great potentials for the high-precision calculation in solving the fractional equations in the science and engineering.

The recently discovered conserved quantity associated with Kepler rescaling is generalized by an extension of Noether’s theorem which involves the classical action integral as an additional term. For a free particle, the familiar Schrödinger dilations are recovered. A general pattern arises for homogeneous potentials. The associated conserved quantity allows us to derive the virial theorem. The relation to the Bargmann framework is explained and illustrated by exact plane gravitational waves.